MẠO TỪ

                                                                                 MẠO TỪ

A. RULES OF ARTICLES

MẠO TỪ	CÁCH DÙNG
A/AN	■ Dùng trước những danh từ số ít đếm được, khi nó được nhắc tới lần đầu tiên. Trong đó:         ☞ a dùng trước những danh từ bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm.         ☞ an dùng trước những danh từ bắt đầu bằng một nguyên âm.
	■ Dùng trước những danh từ khi nó mang ý nghĩa là “một".
	■ Dùng trước những danh từ chỉ nghề nghiệp.
	■ Dùng trong các cụm từ chỉ số lượng.
	■ Một số trường hợp ngoại lệ trong cách sử dụng a/an: - a uniform (một bộ đồng phục) - a university (một trường đại học) - an hour (một giờ) - an honest man (một người đàn ông thật thà) - a one-eyed man (một người đàn ông mắt chột) - a one-way road (đường một chiều) - a useful way (một cách hữu ích) - an SOS (một tín hiệu cấp cứu) - a union (một liên minh, một đồng minh) - a unit (một đơn vị) - a European (một người châu Âu) - an M.A (một cử nhân) - an honorable man (một người đáng kính)
THE	■ Dùng trước những danh từ khi được nhắc tới từ lần thứ hai trở đi.
	■ Dùng trước những danh từ khi chúng được xác định bằng một mệnh đề/mệnh đề quan hệ ở phía sau.
	■ Dùng trước những danh từ là duy nhất, độc nhất.
	■ Dùng trước số thứ tự.
	■ Dùng trước tính từ để tạo thành danh từ chỉ người ở dạng số nhiều.
	■ Dùng trước tên của các quốc gia tận cùng bằng -s và một số quốc gia số ít.
	■ Dùng trước tên của các loại nhạc cụ, nhưng phải đứng sau động từ “play”.
	■ Dùng trước tên của các địa điểm công cộng.
	■ Dùng trước danh từ chỉ tên riêng ở dạng số nhiều để chỉ cả gia đình nhà họ.
	■ Dùng trước tính từ so sánh hơn nhất và so sánh kép.
	■ Dùng trước tên của sông, suối, biển, đại dương, sa mạc, dãy núi...
	■ Dùng trước những danh từ mà cả người nói và người nghe đều biết rõ về nó.
	■ Dùng trước các buổi trong ngày.
	■ Dùng trước tên của các tờ báo.
	■ Dùng trước tên của các tổ chức.
	■ Dùng trước danh từ số ít tượng trưng cho một nhóm động vật, một loài hoặc đồ  vật.
	■ Dùng trước danh từ chỉ phương hướng.
	■ Dùng đứng trước danh từ + of + danh từ.
	■ Dùng trong một số cụm từ cố định.
	■ Dùng trước hospital/church/school/prison khi nó mang ý nghĩa khác.
KHÔNG DÙNG MẠO TỪ	■ Trước tên của các môn học.
	■ Trước tên của các môn thể thao.
	■ Trước danh từ số nhiều không xác định.
	■ Trước danh từ không đếm được.
	■ Trước tên của các phương tiện giao thông, nhưng phải đứng sau giới từ "by".
	■ Trước danh từ chỉ màu sắc.
	■ Sau tính từ sở hữu hoặc sau danh từ ở sở hữu cách.
	■ Trước tên của các bữa ăn.
	■ Trước thứ, ngày, tháng, năm, mùa (nếu không xác định).
	■ Trước tên quốc gia (trừ các quốc gia đã được liệt kê ở mục 2), tên châu lục, tên núi, tên hồ, tên đường.
	■ Trước danh từ trừu tượng.

 

B. PRACTICE EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 1: I have bought ______new shirt which matches ______jacket I bought last week.

A. some/a        B. the/a        C. a/the        D. some/the

Question 2: Could you lend me some more? I’ve spent ______money you gave me yesterday.

A. Ø        B. the        C. a        D. an

Question 3: The principal river in Wales is ______Severn, which flows from the

slopes of Plynlimon to ______English border.

A. Ø / Ø        B. the/the        C. a/the        D. the/a

Question 4: Until recently ______economy of ______southern United States was based on ______cotton.

A. an/the/ Ø        B. the/ Ø/Ø        C. the/the/the        D. the/the/ Ø

Question 5: I still keep wondering if I was doing ______right thing when ______I asked my father for ______permission to leave school.

A. a/ Ø        B. the/ Ø        C. Ø        D. Ø/a

Question 6: We needed ______house to live in when we were in London.

A. a        B. the        C. any        D. Ø

Question 7: You are ______only person whose opinion is of any value to me in ______present regrettable circumstances.

A. the/Ø        B. the/the        C. the/a        D. Ø/the

Question 8: The boy told me he hated ______doctors.

A. the        B. some        C. Ø        D. a

Question 9: He had ______laughing eyes and ______most charming mouth.

A. the/the        B. a/a        C. Ø/a        D. Ø/the

Question 10: My brother hopes to travel around the world ______next summer.

A. a        B. an        C. the        D. Ø (no article)

Question 11: Richard Byrd was ______first person in history to fly over______ North Pole.

A. the - a        B. the - Ø        C. the - the        D. Ø - Ø

Question 12: ______university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees.

A. A        B. An        C. The        D. Some

Question 13: In most ______developed countries, up to 50 % of ______population enters higher education at some time in their lives.

A. the / Ø        B. Ø / Ø        C. the / the        D. Ø / the

Question 14: Reports are coming in of a major oil spill in ______Mediterranean.

A. an        B. Ø        C. the        D. a

Question 15: ______ non-verbal language is ______ important aspect of interpersonal communication.

A. The - a        B. Ø - an        C. A - the        D. The - Ø

Question 16: Is it acceptable to touch ______person on ______shoulder in a conversation?

A. a - the        B. the - a        C. the - the        D. a - a

Question 17: The excursion is ______unique opportunity to discover ______wild in its natural beauty.

A. an - Ø        B. a - the        C. the - the        D. an - the

Question 18: ______colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide ______tertiary education.

A. Ø - Ø        B. The - Ø        C. The - the        D. Ø - the

Question 19: I have left my book in ______kitchen and I would like you to get it for me.

A. the        B. a        C. Ø        D. an

Question 20: Of all the world’s major oceans, ______Arctic Ocean is the shallowest.

A. an        B. the        C. a        D. Ø

Question 21: My uncle’s company made a very good profit in______1990s.

A. the        B. Ø        C. a        D. an

Question 22: Park Hang-seo, who is the head coach of ______Vietnam national football team, is a new idol of many people.

A. Ø        B. a        C. the        D. an

Question 23: Africa has always had a large migratory population because of war and ______famine.

A. a        B. an        C. the        D. Ø

Question 24: My neighbor is ______photographer. Let’s ask him for ______advice about color film.

A. a - the        B. the - an        C. a - Ø        D. the - the

Question 25: The man grew up in ______orphanage in ______United Kingdom.

A. the/ an        B. an/ the        C. an/ an        D. the/ Ø

Question 26: Housewives find it easier to do domestic chores thanks to ______invention of labor-saving devices.

A. an        B. some        C. the        D. a

Question 27: Apparently, ______science, mathematics, and technology are defined as much by what they do and how they do it as they are by ______results they achieve.

A. the / the        B. Ø / the        C. Ø / Ø        D. the / Ø

Question 28: More and more investors are pouring ______money into food and beverage start-ups.

A. the        B. a        C. an        D. Ø

Question 29: ______ man suffering from ______ shock should not be given anything to drink.

A. A/the        B. The/ a        C. Ø/ a        D. A/ Ø

Question 30: I won’t be home for ______dinner this evening. I’m meeting some friends after ______work and we’re going to ______cinema.

A. Ø/the/Ø        B. The/Ø/Ø        C. Ø/Ø/the        D. Ø/the/the

Question 31: “Did you have ______nice holiday?” - “Yes, it was ______best holiday I have ever had.”

A. a - the        B. the - the        C. the - a        D. a - a

Question 32: A worrying conclusion in the study called “Heat and Learning” is that ______global warming may affect the future income of ______students around the world.

A. the/ the        B. Ø/ the        C. a/ many        D. Ø/ Ø

Question 33: The escaping prisoner camped in ______woods but he didn’t light ______fire because ______smoke rising from the wood might attract ______attention.

A. the/a/ Ø /Ø         B. a/the/the/Ø         C. the/a/ Ø/the         D. a/a/ Ø/Ø

Question 34: My brother has been playing ______piano since he was a small child.

A. the        B. a        C. no article        D. an

Question 35: Donald Trump is ______president of ______United States.

A. the/the        B. a/Ø        C. the/an        D. the/Ø

Question 36: Our planned visit to ______United Kingdom fell through because we were unable to get the visas.

A. a        B. an        C. the        D. no article

Question 37: According to ______National Weather Service, ______cyclones are ______areas of circulating winds that rotate counterclockwise in ______Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in ______Southern Hemisphere

A. Ø/Ø/the/the/the        B. the/Ø/Ø /the/the        C. the/Ø/the/Ø/Ø        D. the/Ø/Ø/an/the

Question 38: Bodies of ______dead in the tragic accident yesterday were taken away.

A. the        B. a        C. an        D. Ø

Question 39: ______ Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a country with a great patriotism through its history.

A. The        B. A        C. An        D. Ø

Question 40: My parents hope to travel around ______world next summer.

A. a        B. an        C. the        D. Ø

Question 41: A recent survey has shown that ______increasing number of men are willing to share the housework with their wives.

A. a        B. an        C. the        D. some

Question 42: First our team should identify ______specific need in the community and then carry out a project to address that need.

A. an        B. Ø        C. a        D. the

Question 43: Domestic appliances like washing machines and dishwashers have made ______life much easier.

A. the        B. a        C. Ø        D. An

Question 44: We moved to the countryside because we wanted to be close to ______nature.

A. a        B. the        C. an        D. Ø

Question 45: She was drinking ______glass of orange juice.

A. a        B. the        C. Ø        D. an

Question 46: Mrs. Florida felt that her marriage had become ______prison.

A. a        B. the        C. Ø        D. an

Question 47: Laura is ______most intelligent girl I’ve ever known

A. an        B. Ø        C. a        D. the

Question 48: ______residents of the village are living a happy life although they lack ______modem facilities.

A. Ø/ Ø        B. Ø/the        C. the/the        D. the/Ø

Question 49: Tom sat down on ______edge of a log and looked at ______glassy surface of the lake.

A. a/a        B. the/the        C. Ø/the        D. the/ Ø

Question 50: ______deposit of 5 pounds is payable by anyone who wishes to become ______reader of the library.

A. A/a        B. The/the        C. The/Ø        D. The/a

Exercise 2.1: Fill in the blanks with a(n), the. Put on X where none is required.

Question 1: The scientists are working on ______drug capable of arresting the spread of cancerous cells.

Question 2: In that mood I was unsuitable for attending ______parents’ meeting at the school.

Question 3: It’s time he acted like ______responsible adult and stopped blaming others for his wrongdoings.

Question 4: I liked reading in ______garden, which was several steps below the level of the yard.

Question 5: Jason’s father bought him ______bike that he wanted for his birthday.

Question 6: ______Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from ______France to ______United states.

Question 7: Rita is studying ______English and ______Math this semester.

Question 8: Do you know ______man who is waiting for the bus over there?

Question 9: Please give me ______cup of ______coffee with ______ cream and ______sugar.

Question 10: ______big books which are on ______table are for my history class.

Question 11: My ______car is four years old, but it still runs well.

Question 12: There are only ______few seats for ______tonight’s musical.

Question 13: ______chair that you are sitting in is broken.

Question 14: ______Civil War was fought in ______United States between 1861 and 1865.

Question 15: We went by ______train to the west of England.

Question 16: ______people who live in ______Scotland are called the Scots.

Question 17: This house is very nice. Has it got ______garden?

Question 18: There isn’t ______airport near where I live. ______nearest airport is 70 miles away.

Question 19: Did you have ______nice holiday? Yes, it was ______best holiday I’ve ever had.

Question 20: Mai always plays ______piano whenever she has free time.

Question 21: My daughter was born on ______fifth of January. 

Question 22: Yesterday I went to ______school by ______bus because my bike had been broken down.

Question 23: It takes me ______hour to finish my work.

Question 24: She used to have ______cat and ______dog but ______dog died.

Question 25: English is spoken all over ______world.

Question 26: ______deaf are unable to hear anything.

Question 27: I like studying ______math best.

Question 28: People all over the world like ______football.

Question 29: ______tea is produced in Thai Nguyen.

Question 30: I wish today were on ______Sunday.

Question 31: I often have ______breakfast at 6:00pm and ______lunch at 11:00 pm.

Question 32: She gave me ______apple and gave Lan 2______apples.

Question 33: ______Smiths are going to Ha Long bay next summer.

Question 34: If I won the lottery, first I would buy ______piece of land in the country.

Question 35: This morning I bought a newspaper and ______ magazine. ______newspaper is in my bag but I don’t know where I put ______magazine.

Question 36: I saw ______accident this morning. ______car crashed into ______tree. ______driver of ______ car wasn’t hurt but ______car was badly damaged.

Question 37: Maria comes from ______United States. She is ______American girl.

Question 38: The boy said: “______moon is bigger than ______earth.”

Question 39: I bought ______car last week. ______car is over there.

Question 40: I need ______few apples but ______lot of sugar.

Question 41: Where is ______nearest shop? There is one at ______end of this street.

Question 42: My friends live in ______old house in ______small village. There is ______beautiful garden behind ______house. I would like to have ______garden like that.

Question 43: The office walls and furniture are ______uniform grey.

Question 44: John and Mary went to ______school yesterday and then studied in ______library before returning home.

Question 45: On our trip to ______Spain, we crossed ______Atlantic Ocean.

Question 46: Rita plays ______violin and her sister plays ______guitar.

Question 47: David played ______basketball and ______baseball at ______Boy’s club this year.

Question 48: The political science class is taking ______trip to ______France in ______Spring.

Question 49: Last night there was ______bird singing outside my house.

Question 50: He is ______honest person.

Exercise 2.2: Fill in the blanks with a(n), the. Put on X where none is required.

Question 1: ______photographs show him wearing ______T-shirt and ripped jeans that were ______ student's uniform of ______time.

Question 2: He is ______one-eyed man.

Question 3: There is ______useful method of learning English.

Question 4: I've got ______uncle.

Question 5: Your shoes are under ______bed.

Question 6: There is a strike at ______hospital.

Question 7: There is ______onion left in the fridge.

Question 8: There is a splendid view of ______Lake Geneva from his hotel.

Question 9: She is ______nurse, so her work is to take care of ______sick.

Question 10: ______summer is ______warmest season but ______summer of 1971 was unusually cool.

Question 11: He began to hum ______song. It was ______old popular song.

Question 12: ______deaf are ______people who can’t hear anything.

Question 13: My hometown is on the bank of ______Red river.

Question 14: Tung's father bought him ______bicycle that he had wanted for his birthday.

Question 15: My mother goes to church in ______morning.

Question 16: I eat ______banana every day.

Question 17: Harry is a sailor. He spends most of his life at ______sea.

Question 18: ______young man listened to ______conservation with______ amused smile.

Question 19: He tried to park his car but ______space wasn’t big enough.

Question 20: We had ______dinner in a restaurant.

Question 21: We had ______meal in a restaurant.

Question 22: ______rose is my favorite color.

Question 23: He heard ______popular song played by ______dance band on ______radio.

Question 24: ______fact that he would have independent means made her feel relieved.

Question 25: Mary loves ______flowers.

Question 26: Jill went to ______hospital to see her friend.

Question 27: Mrs. Lan went to ______school to meet her son’s daughter.

Question 28: Carol went to ______prison to meet her brother.

Question 29: ______questions Ann asked always seemed to be ______questioned to which Paul knew the answers.

Question 30: She works six days ______week.

Question 31: ______sun is a star.

Question 32: What did you have for ______breakfast this morning.

Question 33: London is ______capital of England.

Question 34: When was ______telephone invented?

Question 35: What he said reminded me of ______film I had seen.

Question 36: We haven’t been to ______cinema for years.

Question 37: Do you need ______umbrella?

Question 38: ______injured man was taken to ______hospital.

Question 39: She went out without ______money.

Question 40: Tosi speaks ______Japanese at home.

Question 41: A man and a woman were standing outside my house. ______Man looked English but I think ______ woman was a foreigner.

Question 42: The Soviet Union was ______first country to send a man into ______space.

Question 43: Did you watch “Titanic” on ______television or at ______cinema?

Question 44: After ______lunch, we went for a walk by ______sea.

Question 45: Peru is ______country in South America. ______capital is Lima.

Question 46: It was a beautiful day. ______sun shone brightly in ______sky.

Question 47: It is said that Robin Hood robbed ______rich and gave the money to ______poor.

Question 48: Life is not so easy for ______unemployed.

Question 49: On our trip to Spain, we crossed ______Atlantic Ocean.

Question 50: Mel’s mother is in ______hospital, so we went to visit her last night.

Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Question 1: Once tested for viruses, the software can be installed in the school

                                   A                         B                            C

computer system for the use.

                                   D

Question 2: It was only birthday he had celebrated since he was a child.

                                   A                                 B                            C   D

Question 3: Nowadays, everybody knows Apples and almost everybody knows that a
                                                                  A                              B                                        C

company was founded by Steve Jobs, an American inventor and entrepreneur.

                            D

Question 4: The teacher entered the room while the students were discussing their plan
                                           A                          B                                    C

for an excursion.

      D

Question 5: Of all papers I read this morning, none interested me as much as this one.

                                A             B                              C                                   D

Question 6: Steve Jobs died in 2011 after battling with the pancreatic cancer for nearly
                                           A                                    B          C                                 D

a decade.

Question 7: He left on the 10 o'clock train yesterday to see his father who was taken

                                A                                                            B

to the hospital last week when he broke his right leg.

        C                                                  D

Question 8: Every week, his mother goes to university to visit him while my mother

                                                                                   A                                B

has never come to visit me since I went to university.

        C                                                      D

Question 9: I have visited Portugal but I have never been to Netherlands, so I intend
                                   A                        B                                               C

to visit it next summer.

   D

Question 10: Last month, while my friend was traveling round England by the car, he

                                                                                   A                                            B

crashed the car into a tree.

             C                D